I. SPEECH ACTS
1.
1. This is the first person point of view
novel that represented as “ I ” (next, mentioned as I ) and the signalman. It
was evening, there is no other man. The signalman just looked at the tunnel and
I called him, but the man didn’t concern to I. Until I shouted him again
I
: “Hello ! Hello!”
The
signalman : - ( He looked at I )
- · This is direct speech act. Because this is the utterance that is used for calling some one and it pronounced directly. It’s like when we call someone by his/her name – directly.
- · From the calling someone, “Hello!” is directive that speaker tries to make the hearer do something. In this case, I wanted the signalman to have concern to I because the man is looked strange. He was just busy with his signal.
- · Perlocutionary Act : The man was surprised and tried to find where the sound was coming from. Finally, he found I on the cutting.
22. After the man looked at I. I shouted at
the man.
I : “I want to talk to you,
is there a path into this cutting?”
The
signalman : - (the man looked up at I,
but he didn’t reply)
Suddenly,
a train came and the man did his job to make signal. After the train passed,
the man stopped his job and pointed to left side. Then, I looked to the left.
About three hundred feet away, there was a path.
- · I talked to the man with question form that really indicated I ask to the man, where a path is located. It is direct speech act.
- · What I said shows us that I asked the man to show him where a path was located because I wanted to know. This is the form of directive that the sentence indicates as a commanding.
- · Perlocutionary Act : The man pointed to the location of a path.
33. The signalman had showed the path and I
who was still on the cutting knew where the path is located.
I : “Thank you!”
- · “Thank you” can we know as expressive utterance directly after someone have been helped. So, it must be direct speech acts.
- · This is an expressive utterance. The speaker expresses an attitude to the man after the man help I to find a path.
- · It contains performative because it contain felicity condition :
a) Preparatory Condition : It was pronounced by the man who got
helping.
b) Condition of Execution : There was something had been helped.
c) Sincerity Condition : I said it seriously even he shouted it.
b) Condition of Execution : There was something had been helped.
c) Sincerity Condition : I said it seriously even he shouted it.
4.4. I tried to talk with the signalman but
the signalman was still silent, didn’t reply. There were many ways to get
talking with the man. Then,
I : “I will tell you about
my self. I worked in an office for thirty years. Now,
I have retired from my work. I don’t do any
work now.”
The
signalman : - (the man didn’t reply)
- · This is an indirect speech act. There was no relation between the situation that the desolate place and I’s working. I used this sentence to catch the signalman’s attention. I hope the signalman would have attention to him.
- · Again, it is a directive because I wanted the signalman to do something. That is to talk each other.
*This analysis had been presented when I was in Bachelor Degree, exactly the 5th semester.
